The Mars Act 2023 encloses the answers introduced by the USA on the questions raised in the Martian Manifest. The act was drafted by former President David Anderson and the Mars Society. It was unanimously passed. This success was caused by the stable economic climate and the renewed interest in space.

Although the Mars Act already made choices concerning terraforming, every colonist still had [and has] to read and sign the Martian Manifest. On refusal one doesn't get a Martian citizenship and passport. In great lines the Mars Act describes the Mars Terraforming Effort, creating a runaway greenhouse effect. For scientific reasons the landscape wouldn't change much during the first decades. This allowed areologists to study Mars and create an Areological Timescale and a Global Areological Map.

The Mars Terraforming Effort will become noticable when the atmosphere is thick enough and the temperature high enough for liquid water to remain stable on the surface. Then water erosion will commence, slowly destroying the landscape which is billions of years old. So there is no place for 'red' feelings because human civilization is at stake. That is the foundation of the Mars Act, Mars is the next step and has to be terraformed. As a compromise this will start not until the Areological Science Institute has completed it's research.

In 2027 the Mars Act was converted into the Mars Treaty which was signed by almost every country around the world. This happened because the Mars Treaty didn't allow one nation or a group of nations to have absolute power over Mars. It stood for a global approach in which the UN would play the largest role.

History tells us this didn't happen. The UN didn't have enough power to control western activities in space. The ISA became the most important organization, controlled by the west. The reason for this western isolationism was the fear that other non-western countries would also have influence on Martian civilization. Some islamic countries had refused to abolish their laws on Mars. A compromise couldn't be achieved so the talks were cancelled and the western world went on alone under the flag of the ISA.